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In long bones, the terminology used to describe the extremities refers to specific anatomical regions. The correct answer highlights the terms "diaphysis" and "epiphysis."

The diaphysis is the central shaft of the long bone, which provides strength and is the primary support structure. The epiphysis refers to the ends of the long bones, which are often covered by articular cartilage that facilitates movement at the joints. The growth plates, or epiphyseal plates, are also located in the epiphysis during the growth phase of the bones.

Understanding these terms is crucial in veterinary anatomy, as they play a significant role in the movement and function of various species' limbs and supports. The other options do not correctly describe the extremities of long bones in this context. For example, "head and tail" and "base and apex" are more relevant in different anatomical contexts, often relating to other structures in the body rather than specifically to long bones.