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The glands of the endocrine system play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. The correct option encompasses a comprehensive list of major endocrine glands: the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, pancreas, testes, and ovaries.

The thyroid gland helps regulate metabolism, energy levels, and growth; the parathyroid glands control calcium levels in the bloodstream; the adrenal glands (including both the cortex and medulla) are involved in stress responses, metabolism, and hormonal balance; the pancreas has a dual role as both an endocrine and digestive organ, regulating blood sugar levels; and the testes and ovaries are responsible for producing sex hormones that influence reproductive functions.

This breadth of glands outlined in the correct choice illustrates the complexity and vital function of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis within the body. Other options list glands but do not provide the same comprehensive overview or include glands that primarily serve other functions, like the kidneys and spleen, which are not classified as part of the endocrine system.